Legal Validity of Civil Servant Candidate Assistance Agreements Under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.4.2026.1533Keywords:
Assistance-to-Pass Agreement, Civil Servant Candidates, Contractual Validity, Lawful Cause, Panel of JudgesAbstract
“Assistance-to-pass” agreements in the civil servant candidates selection process raise legal issues concerning freedom of contract and the requirement that contractual purposes comply with legal norms, morality, and public order. This study aims to examine the validity of “assistance-to-pass” agreements in the civil servant candidates selection process based on the objective requirement of a lawful cause as provided under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, as well as to analyze the legal reasoning of the Panel of Judges in Decision Number 21/Pdt.G/2025/PN Mlg concerning the legal status of such agreements. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches, with primary legal materials consisting of the Civil Code and the court decision, supported by relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that the “assistance-to-pass” agreement is void because its purpose and underlying cause contravene legal provisions, morality, and public order under Articles 1335 and 1337 of the Civil Code. Nevertheless, the panel of judges ordered the return of the plaintiff’s funds because the defendant retained them without a valid legal basis. The decision confirms that an unlawful agreement does not justify the retention of another party’s assets.
Downloads
References
Ali, D. M., Prasojo, E., & Jannah, L. M. (2017). The transformation of merit system in Indonesian civil servant promotion system. International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences (IJMAS), 5(4), 20-28.
Arrodli, A. J., Ramadhan, A., Pamungkas, D. D., Muhammad, D. Z., & Anugrah, D. (2024). Konsekuensi hukum cacat kehendak dalam pembentukan perjanjian sesuai Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Letterlijk, 1(2), 204-216. https://doi.org/10.25134/letterlijk.v1i2.68.
Chairiah, A., Ariski, S., Nugroho, A., & Suhariyanto, A. (2020). Implementasi sistem merit pada Aparatur Sipil Negara di Indonesia: The implementation of merit-based system on state civil apparatus in Indonesia. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 16(3), 383-400. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v16i3.704.
Fadilla, F., Jannah, L. M., & Muslim, M. A. (2024). Impact transformation of merit system in civil servant selection system to quality of governance. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 4(1), 1272-1300. https://doi.org/10.63922/ajmesc.v4i01.722.
Fuady, M. (2001). Hukum kontrak (dari sudut pandang hukum bisnis). Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Halim, C. (2026). The legal standing and validity of smart contracts as assessed under the requirements of a valid contract in Indonesian civil law. Rechtsvinding, 4(1), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.59525/rechtsvinding.1424.
Harahap, M. Y. (1986). Segi-segi hukum perjanjian (Cetakan Kedua). Bandung: Alumni.
Hernoko, A. Y. (2010). Hukum perjanjian: Asas proporsionalitas dalam kontrak komersial. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Ibrahim, K. K. (2024). Evaluation of the effectiveness of civil servant recruitment based on regulation changes in Indonesia. International Journal of Sociology, 2(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijsl.v2i1.279.
Ikromi, Y. (2024). Analisis perlindungan hukum terhadap pihak yang dirugikan akibat perbuatan melawan hukum dalam perjanjian. Al-Dalil: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik, dan Hukum, 2(2), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.58707/aldalil.v2i2.771.
Indrawati, E., & Suhendra, D. K. R. (2025). Analisis klausul yang mengesampingkan Pasal 1266 KUHPerdata pada perjanjian timbal balik dalam perspektif asas kebebasan berkontrak. Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 5(3), 5094-5100. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v5i3.2084.
Malik, K. J., & Prasojo, E. (2023). Determinant factors in the implementation of merit system: An overview of Indonesian case. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 2(3), 665-675. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i03.187.
Marzuki, P. M. (2007). Penelitian hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Group.
Maulana, M. I. (2021). Seleksi merit sistem PNS pratama aparatur sipil negara di Pemerintah Provinsi. Jurnal Sosial Teknologi, 1(9), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v1i9.200.
Meliala, A. Q. S. (2010). Pokok-pokok hukum perjanjian beserta perkembangannya. Yogyakarta: Liberty.
Mertokusumo, S. (2008). Mengenal hukum: Suatu pengantar. Yogyakarta: Liberty.
Miru, A. (2007). Hukum kontrak: Perancangan kontrak. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Nikijuluw, J., & Maspaitella, M. (2025). Pengaruh sistem merit dalam rekrutmen dan promosi terhadap kinerja aparatur sipil negara. Jurnal Badati, 7(2), 70-86. https://doi.org/10.38012/jb.v7i2.1830.
Nugroho, H. I., & Gunadi, A. (2023). Tinjauan keabsahan pelaksanaan kontrak elektronik di Indonesia ditinjau dari sistem hukum positif Indonesia. UNES Law Review, 6(2), 4302-4308. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1266.
Nugroho, K. S. Warsono, H., & Yuniningsih, T. (2020). Birokrasi di Indonesia: Kasus penempatan pegawai, politisasi birokrasi atau merit system? Journal of Public Administration and Local Governance, 4(2), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.31002/jpalg.v4i2.3488.
Nurzahiroh, K., & Putri, E. (2023). The sharia banking dispute settlement forum as the principle of freedom of contract post decision of the constitutional court No. 93/PUU X/2012. Research Horizon, 3(4), 454-466. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.3.4.2023.159.
Prodjodikoro W. R. (2000). Asas-asas hukum perjanjian. Bandung: Mandar Maju.
Rahayu, C. T., Adam, C. K., Amalia, F., & Vazkya, N. K. R. S. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap pihak yang dirugikan dalam wanprestasi. Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 2(4), 38–149. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14058588.
Rahmawan, M. I., Aminah, A., & Ispriyarso, B. (2019). Penerapan asas proporsionalitas dalam perjanjian waralaba. Notarius, 12(2), 909-923. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v12i2.29135.
Rakhmawanto, A., Rusli, B., & Sintaningrum, S. (2019). Merit system selection for pratama senior executive service state civil apparatus in Central Java Provincial Government. Jurnal Bina Praja, 11(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.11.2019.31-41.
Salim, H. S. (2008). Pengantar hukum perdata tertulis (BW). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Salim, H. S. (2021). Hukum kontrak: Teori dan teknik penyusunan kontrak. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Santoso, L., & Lestari, T. W. S. (2017). Konparasi syarat keabsahan “sebab yang halal” dalam perjanjian konvensional dan perjanjian syariah. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 2(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v2i1.152.
Santoso, S. M., Listiana, S. P., Lorendra, C., Adhinugroho, Y. W., Prasetyo, Y. S. L., & Azami, T. (2025). The role of the principle of balance in agreements: Contract validity and annulment under Indonesian civil law. Research Horizon, 5(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.2.2025.494.
Setiawan, R. (2008). Pokok-pokok hukum perikatan. Surabaya: PT Bima Cipta.
Situmorang, W. R., Putra, F., Nainggolan, G. P., Purba, M., & Siringoringo, J. S. (2026). Perbandingan perjanjian batal demi hukum dan perjanjian dapat dibatalkan dalam system hukum Indonesia. Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial, 4(2), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.51903/7tjedx48.
Sjahdeini, S. R. (2009). Kebebasan berkontrak dan perlindungan yang seimbang bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian kredit bank di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Soekanto, S. (2007). Penelitian hukum normatif: Suatu tinjauan singkat. Depok: Rajawali Pers.
Subekti, R., & Tjitrosudibio, R. (1999). Kitab undang-undang hukum perdata. Jakarta: PT Pradnya Paramita.
Wibowo, M. D., Armono, Y. W., & Bidari, A. S. (2022). Kendala penerapan syarat sahnya perjanjian menurut Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata: Dalam transaksi jual beli online via Tokopedia di Akademi Bisnis Digital Surakarta. Justicia Journal, 11(1), 1–10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuliasara Isnaeni, Husna Sudarsono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
