Legal and Ethical Dilemmas in Emergency Referral Video Recording: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.4.2026.1485Keywords:
Emergency Referral, Ethical Dilemma, Legal Aspects, Patient Safety, Telemedicine, Video RecordingAbstract
Video recording in emergency referrals is expanding through telemedicine but raises ethical, legal, and patient safety concerns. This study aims to systematically analyze the ethical and legal dilemmas of utilizing clinical video in emergency referral services, as well as its impact on patient safety and the referral administration process. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review method guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. The literature search covered PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keywords “emergency referral,” “video recording,” “telemedicine,” “ethical issues,” and “legal aspects.” A total of 14 articles were analyzed using thematic synthesis. The results indicate that clinical video expedites communication and supports triage in emergency referral systems. However, the study identified ethical dilemmas related to informed consent and patient privacy, legal regulatory gaps, and negative impacts in the form of delayed referrals, patient refusals, and increased administrative burdens. On the other hand, video can also enhance the efficiency of clinical communication if implemented with appropriate standards. These findings imply the need for clear regulations, standardized procedures, and safeguards to balance administrative efficiency with patient safety and rights.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nelli Nur Indah Sari Sari, Ahmad Ma’mun Fikri
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